third quiz

The Importance of System Development

Problem – an undesirable situation that prevents the organization from fully achieving its purpose, goals, and/or objectives
Opportunities
Increase the equipping of information until the information can used to make a decision. The opportunities are like: market opportunity, costumer services.
Directive - a new requirement that is imposed by management, government, or some

external influence.
The Purpose of Developing an Information System

After developing new system, expected improvement in new system. This improvement relate to PIECES, that is:
• Performance, improvement of new system performance so that more efficient. Performance can be measured from throughput and response time. Throughput is the amount of work which can be done certain in a moment. Response Time is average time which delays among two work added with response time to answer the work.
• Information, improvement of quality of presented information.
• Economic, improvement of advantage or benefit.
• Control, improvement of controlling for detecting and repairing some mistake and also insincerity.
• Efficiency, improvement of operating efficiency.
• Service, improvement of service given by system.

The principles of developing an information system
1. System is developing for management
2. System is the great investment
3. System need educated person
4. System development life cycle
5. System development process is must not in series
6. Don’t be afraid to canceled the project
7. System Documentation

System development life cycle• life cycle model waterfall a method system the working gradually, in every stage can not return previous step. The step composition is requirements, design, implementation, verification, maintenance. With waterfall method, if step be verification we can’t previous to step design.
• life cycle with method itratif, by using this method our first does with initial planning, then requirement, analysis and design, then implementation, deployment, besides deployment we also do testing, then continued with evaluation. if there deficit or error in system, we can do new planning. this be difference between method waterfall with itratif. itratif can do change if there error in system.
• from life cycle spiral model, first step at does in spiral method concept of requirement that present in stage development, then concept of operation this present in stage plan, stage requirement plan that present in stage determine, risk analysis this present in stage identfy and resolve risk, get a temporary result then that is continued with stage venfication and validation, then development plan, risk analysis, produce a prototype 2, then at continue with venfication and validation, then at continue with test plan, continued again with risk analysis and produce oprational prototype, continued with detailed design, code, integration, test, implementation, and last is done release from system made.

approaches of developing a system
• will approach classic opponent will approach structured will approach this will emphasized that system development success when follow stage at system life cycle.
- pendekatan classic approach in system development that follow stages at system life cycle without supplied with tools and techniques memadai.
- pendekatan structured approach this that begun from beginning year 1970 called with approach structured. approach structured equiped with tools and techniques that wanted in system development so that end result from system that developed be got system so that end result from system the structure will be be defined well and clear.
• approach pieces opponent approaches system.
approach pieces be to approach system development that emphasized at one particular activity or certain application. approach system that pay attention information system as one integration unitary to each activity or the application.
• approach system comprehensive opponent approaches
approach sistem-menyeluruh be to approach menyang system together according to comprehensive. will approach this less synchronized for system complex because difficult to be developed. this be to approach classic approach modulate try broken complex system become some part or simple module, so that system easier will be understood and developed.

• approach opponent far jump approaches to bloom.
approach to jump -jauh apply change according to together use sophisticated technology. this change is many contains risk, because computer technology so fast bloom and to year coming be worn out. approach this too expensive, because need investment at the same moment. approach to bloom to apply sophisticated technology just for applications that need at that moment and then be developed for periods next will follow the need as according to existing technology development

meaning of methodology, method and algorithm
• methodology is unitary from methods, procedures, job concepts, rules that used by a science, art, or discipline the other
• method is a steps to in methodology
• algorithm is sequence procedure to break problem.

three classifications of development methodology

• functional decomposition methodologies
this methodology constitute in solution from system into sub system smaller. belong into group methodologies this:
- HIPO (hierarchy plus-process-output)
- Stepwise refinement (SR) or iterative stepwise refinement(ISR)
- Information-hiding
• Data oriented methodologies
- Data flow methodologies
this methodology is in general is based in solution from system intoes modules based on from type element data and module logic behaviour in system
- Data structure oriented methodologies
this methodology emphasizeds structure from input and output at system. mask in this methodology: jsd (jakson's systems development) and w/o(warnier/orr)

tools for developing a system
• system development tool:
HIPO diagram, used in metodelogi HIPO
Data flow diagram, used in system analysis and design S
Structured chart, used at method wanier/orr
Jakson's diagram, used at methodology jakson's system development

Techniques used in developing a system
techniques that can be used :
• technique management project, that is CPM(critical part method) and PERT (program evaluation and review technique). This technique used in project scheduling.
• Fact finding techniques, that is technique that can be used to gather fact and find data in activity study existing activity.
• technique analysis cost/benefit (cost-effectiveness analisys or cost-benefit analysis)
• technique to run meeting
• technique inspection/walkthrough

system analyst and a programmer
• system analysis one who analysis system (study that problems and determine system user needs) identify solution that have occasion
• a programming one who write program codes into computer system. where is code at write by virtue of analysis from a system analysis.

mention what are the knowledge a system analyst should posses
• knowledge and skill about technique processing data
• knowledge about business in general
• knowledge about quantitative method
• trouble-shooting skill
• skill in communicate with staff
• skill in build connection with staff